Danes bi dejal, da me je srednji vek privlačil zaradi dveh razlogov. Najprej zaradi poklicnih razlogov. Odločil sem postati zgodovinar po poklicu. Prakticiranje večine znanosti je brez dvoma stvar profesionalcev, strokovnjakov. Zgodovinska znanost ni tako ekskluzivna. Četudi gre po mojem mnenju za razpravo, ki je pomembna za naš čas, ko mediji omogočajo malone vsakomur pripovedovati ali pisati zgodovino v podobah ali v besedah, se ne bom lotil vprašanja kakovosti zgodovinske produkcije. Nikakršnega monopola ne zahteva za znanstvene zgodovinarje. Diletanti in vulganizatorji zgodovine so po svoje dopadljivi in koristni; njihova uspešnost pa kaže, kako močno potrebo občutijo današnji ljudje, da bi se udeleževali kolektivnega spomina. Želim si, da bi zgodovina ob tem, ko bo postala bolj znanstvena, lahko še zmeraj ostala umetnost. Če hočemo hraniti spomin ljudi, potrebujemo prav toliko okusa, stila in strasti kakor strogosti in metode. Zgodovino delamo z dokumenti in idejami, z viri in z domišljijo.

The publication of the Gospel of Judas within Codex Tchacos represents a significant moment for the study of religion and culture. It is a rare occurrence that a previously unknown gospel manuscript is discovered, particularly one that was mentioned in early Christian sources, and that is precisely what is the case with the Gospel of Judas. The Gospel of Judas can be dated, with some certainty, to around the middle of the second century, or perhaps even a bit before, and the materials included within it are even older. The gospel is thus an early source for our knowledge of an important mystical movement within early Christianity and Judaism, namely the Sethian gnostic school of religious thought. Further, the text provides the opportunity to evaluate, and perhaps reevaluate, the historical role of a figure—Judas Iscariot—who has been much maligned within Christianity and has been a prominent figure in the development of anti-Semitism. All in all, the Gospel of Judas sheds important light on the character of developing Christianity, and reminds us again of the rich diversity of the early church.

Isso é mais uma coisa que aprendi com o tempo, sabe? O bem e o mal não existem! Quer dizer, existir até que existem, mas apenas no contexto de uma pergunta importante: bem ou mal para quem? A questão é que tudo depende do ponto de vista, entende, filho? Pense numa partida de futebol, por exemplo. A vitória é ótima para o time que vence, mas a mesma vitória é amarga para quem perde. Não é?Agora, imagine que jogadores dos dois times sejam entrevistados para falar da partida. Os que ganharam com certeza elogiarão a atuação do seu time, enfatizarão a importância dos pontos obtidos com a vitória. No entanto, o jogador do time que perdeu reclamará dos erros da equipe, das condições desfavoráveis do gramado, descerá o pau na arbitragem e coisa e tal. No fim, para uns o resultado terá sido justo, enquanto outros tenderão a se sentir injustiçados. As coisas são sempre assim. Nossa visão depende sempre do lado em que estamos.

At the age of eight, John Quincy Adams was made the man of his house while his father, John Adams, was off doing important John Adams things for America. This would be a lot of terrifying responsibility at any time in American history, but it just so happens that, when Adams was eight years old, the *Revolutionary freaking War* was happening right outside his house. He watched the Battle of Bunker Hill from his front porch, according to his diary, worried that he might be 'butchered in cold blood, or taken and carried ... as hostages by any foraging or marauding detachment of British soldiers.' I don't have the diary I kept at age eight, but I think the only things I worried about was whether or not they'd have corndogs in school the next day and if I had the wherewithal and clarity of purpose to collect all of the Pokemon. John Q, on the other hand, guarded his house, mother, and siblings during wartime.This isn't to imply that eight-year-old John Quincy Adams could have beaten eight-year-old you in a fight, but to imply that eight-year-old John Quincy Adams could beat you *as an adult*.

we're looking for a planeet on the strength of a song. it's crazy I know, but its the only chance we have to do something useful." ...Evan Wilson said gravely "I think you're as crazy as Heinrich Schliemann - and you know what happened to him!""What" ..."you don't know what happened to him?" she asked her blue eyes widening in astonishment."Ever read Homer's Iliad, Captain?" ..."I don't know what translation you read Doctor, but there was no Heinrich Schliemann in mine - or in the Odyssey." "That depends on how you look at it." smiling she settled back into her chair and went on,"Heinrich Schliemann was from Earth, pre-federation days, and he read Homer too. No, not just read him, believed him. So he set out at his own expense-mind you, I doubt he could have found anyone else to fund such a crazy endeavor - to find Troy, a city that most of the educated people of his time considered pure invention on Homer's part." "And?""And he found it. Next time you're on earth, stop by the Troy Museum. the artifacts are magnificent, and every one of them was found on the strength of a song.

In His free grace, God is for man in every respect; He surrounds man from all sides. He is man's Lord who is before him, above him, after him, and thence also with him in history, the locus of man's existence. Despite man's insignificance, God is with him as his Creator who intended and made mankind to be very good. Despite man's sin, God is with him, the One who was in Jesus Christ reconciling the world, drawing man unto Himself in merciful judgment. Man's evil past is not merely crossed out because of its irrelevancy. Rather, it is in the good care of God. Despite man's life in the flesh, corrupt and ephemeral, God is with him. The victor in Christ is here and now present through His Spirit, man's strength, companion, and comfort. Despite man's death God is with him, meeting him as redeemer and perfecter at the threshold of the future to show him the totality of existence in the true light in which the eyes of God beheld it from the beginning and will behold it evermore. In what He is for man and does for man, God ushers in the history leading to the ultimate salvation of man.

At the age of eight, John Quincy Adams was made the man of his house while his father, John Adams, was off doing important John Adams things for America. This would be a lot of terrifying responsibility at any time in American history, but it just so happens that, when Adams was eight years old, the *Revolutionary freaking War* was happening right outside his house. He watched the Battle of Bunker Hill from his front porch, according to his diary, worried that he might be 'butchered in cold blood, or taken and carried ... as hostages by any foraging or marauding detachment of British soldiers.' I don't have the diary I kept at age eight, but I think the only things I worried about was whether or not they'd have for dogs in the school the next day and if I had the wherewithal and clarity of purpose to collect all of the Pokemon. John Q, on the other hand, guarded his house, mother, and siblings during wartime.This isn't to imply that eight-year-old John Quincy Adams could have beaten eight-year-old you in a fight, but to imply that eight-year-old John Quincy Adams could beat you *as an adult*.

Nedir bürokrasimizdeki en büyük değişme?"American Spoil System" dedikleri, her gelen iktidarın hademeye kadar adam değiştirmesidir. Bu, Cumhuriyetle gelmedi. İmparatorluktan Cumhuriyete geçtiğimiz zaman böyle bir uygulama yapılmadı. Bu ne zaman geldi? 1970'lerin sağ-sol kavgası içinde; MC (Milli Cephe) hükümetleri, CHP koalisyonları devrinde ortaya çıktı. Herkes tepeden tırnağa değiştiriyordu bürokrasiyi. Ve o bürokrasinin, kalemin içinde yetişen insanları dışlayarak yapıyordu bunu.Mesela bizim üniversitemizin, verimsiz, işe yaramayan üyelerini bürokrasiye aktarması gibi bir gelenek doğdu 1970'lerden itibaren. Fransa'da hiçbir ciddi profesörü kalkıp bir yere müsteşar yapamazsın. Adamın böyle bir şeye vakti yoktur. Mesela kültür müşaviri olur, ama büyükelçi olur bir ara, devamlı bürokraside kalmaz.

Economists have a singular method of procedure. There are only two kinds of institutions for them, artificial and natural. The institutions of feudalism are artificial institutions, those of the bourgeoisie are natural institutions. In this, they resemble the theologians, who likewise establish two kinds of religion. Every religion which is not theirs is an invention of men, while their own is an emanation from God. When the economists say the present-day relations--the relations of bourgeois production--are natural, they imply that these are the relations in which wealth is created and productive forces developed in conformity with the laws of nature. These relations therefore are themselves natural laws independent of the influence of time. They are eternal laws which must always govern society. Thus, there has been history, but there is no longer any. There has been history, since there were institutions of feudalism, and in these institutions of feudalism we find quite different relations of production from those of bourgeois society, which the economists try to pass off as natural and, as such, eternal.

Unwed white girls who became pregnant in the postwar years were considered psychologically disturbed but treatable, whereas their black counterparts were presumed to be biologically hypersexual and deviant. Historian Rickie Solinger demonstrates that in the 1950s an unwed white girl who became pregnant could go to a maternity home before her pregnancy showed, deliver the baby and give it up for adoption, and return home to her community with no one the wiser. (White parents concocted stories of their daughters being given the opportunity to study for a semester with relatives.) She could then resume the role of the "nice" girl.Unwed pregnant black girls, on the other hand, were barred from maternity homes; they were threatened with jail or termination of welfare; and they were accused of using their sexuality in order to be eligible for larger welfare checks. Politicians regarded unwed pregnant black girls as a societal problem, declaring--as they continue to declare today--that they did not want taxpayers to support black illegitimate babies, and sought to control black female sexuality through sterilization legislation.

История — не пропахший табаком да лавандой бабушкин сундук, а деловой портфель с документами, которые всегда следует держать под рукой, потому что они могут вдруг оказаться востребованными.

بدلا من ان يسعى الباحثون العرب المسلمون لإعادة تحقيق ما حققه العلماء الغربيون عن تراثهم، تكرس جل اهتمامهم للرد على الاستشراق والمستشرقين بطريقة اتهامية رائجة في أوساط المثقفين العرب المحدثين

But if it be true, as every prospect assures us, that the human race shall not again relapse into its ancient barbarity; if every thing ought to assure us against that pusillanimous and corrupt system which condemns man to eternal oscillations between truth and falsehood, liberty and servitude, we must, at the same time, perceive that the light of information is spread over a small part only of our globe; and the number of those who possess real instruction, seems to vanish in the comparison with the mass of men consigned over to ignorance and prejudice. We behold vast countries groaning under slavery, and presenting nations in one place, degraded by the vices of civilization, so corrupt as to impede the progress of man; and in others, still vegetating in the infancy of its early age. We perceive that the exertions of these last ages have done much for the progress of the human mind, but little for the perfection of the human species; much for the glory of man, somewhat for his liberty, but scarcely any thing yet for his happiness. In a few directions, our eyes are struck with a dazzling light; but thick darkness still covers an immense horison.

The most obvious and the most distinctive features of the History of Civilisation, during the last fifty years, is the wonderful increase of industrial production by the application of machinery, the improvement of old technical processes and the invention of new ones, accompanied by an even more remarkable development of old and new means of locomotion and intercommunication. By this rapid and vast multiplication of the commodities and conveniences of existence, the general standard of comfort has been raised, the ravages of pestilence and famine have been checked, and the natural obstacles, which time and space offer to mutual intercourse, have been reduced in a manner, and to an extent, unknown to former ages. The diminution or removal of local ignorance and prejudice, the creation of common interests among the most widely separated peoples, and the strengthening of the forces of the organisation of the commonwealth against those of political or social anarchy, thus effected, have exerted an influence on the present and future fortunes of mankind the full significance of which may be divined, but cannot, as yet, be estimated at its full value.

Di Saigon aku sudah merencanakan seluruh pekerjaan ini untuk dijalankan tanggak 17.""Mengapa tanggal 17, tidak lebih baik sekarang saja atau tanggal 16?""Aku percaya pada mistik. Aku tidak dapat menerangkan yang masuk akal mengapa tanggal 17 memberikan harapan kepadaku. Tetapi aku merasakan di dalan relung hatiku bahwa dua hari lagi adalag saat yang baii. Tujuh belas adalah angka suci. Tujuh belas adalah angka keramat. Pertama-tama, kita sedang berada dalam bulan suci Ramadhan, waktu kita berpuasa sampai Lebaran, benar tidak?""Ya.""Ini berarti saat yang paling suci bukan?""Ya.""Haru Jumat ini Jumat Legi. Jumat yang manis. Jumat suci. Dan hari Jumat tanggal 17. Alquran diturunkan tanggal 17. Orang Islam melakukan sembahyang 17 rakaat dalam sehari. Mengapa Nabi Muhammad memerintahkan 17 rakaat, bukan 10 atau 20? Karena kesucian angka 17 bukanlah buatan manusia. Ketika aju pertama kali mendengar berita penyerahan Jepang, aku berpikir kita harus segera memproklamirkan kemerdekaan. Kemudian aku menyadari, adalah Takdir Tuhan bahwa peristiwa ini akan jatuh di hari keramat-Nya. Proklamasi akan berlangsung tanggal 17. Revolusi akan mengikuti setelah itu.